**Iran, a land steeped in millennia of history, holds the distinction of being one of the world's oldest civilizations. Its rich heritage is not only etched in ancient ruins and epic poems but also vividly displayed through its national symbols, particularly its flags. The journey to define the first flag of Iran is not a simple tale of a single creation event; rather, it is a fascinating narrative of evolution, reflecting the diverse dynasties, cultural shifts, and enduring symbols that have shaped this resilient nation. Imagery and symbolism are deeply held by Iranians, serving as powerful conduits to preserve their story and connect them to their ancestry, even though the many flags of Iran have often been points of contention throughout history.** From legendary banners of mythical kings to the constitutionally recognized tricolours of modern times, the concept of a unifying emblem has always resonated with the Iranian people. This article delves into the intricate history of Iran's flags, exploring what truly constitutes the "first flag of Iran" in its various interpretations, from ancient legendary standards to the officially recognized national ensigns that have flown over the nation. We will explore the enduring motifs, the pivotal moments of change, and the profound meaning embedded in each iteration of this powerful national symbol. --- ## Table of Contents * [The Ancient Tapestry: Early Iranian Symbolism](#the-ancient-tapestry-early-iranian-symbolism) * [Derafsh Kaviani: A Legendary Beginning](#derafsh-kaviani-a-legendary-beginning) * [The Enduring Lion and Sun: A Millennia-Old Emblem](#the-enduring-lion-and-sun-a-millennia-old-emblem) * [Evolution of the Lion and Sun on Flags](#evolution-of-the-lion-and-sun-on-flags) * [The Dawn of a National Identity: The 1906 Constitution](#the-dawn-of-a-national-identity-the-1906-constitution) * [The Pahlavi Era: Imperial Banners and National Evolution](#the-pahlavi-era-imperial-banners-and-national-evolution) * [The Imperial State of Iran and its Symbols](#the-imperial-state-of-iran-and-its-symbols) * [The 1979 Revolution and the Modern Iranian Flag](#the-1979-revolution-and-the-modern-iranian-flag) * [Symbolism of the Current Design](#symbolism-of-the-current-design) * [Beyond the Fabric: The Flag as a Unifying Symbol](#beyond-the-fabric-the-flag-as-a-unifying-symbol) * [The Kerman Metal Flag: An Ancient Enigma](#the-kerman-metal-flag-an-ancient-enigma) * [Conclusion](#conclusion) --- ## The Ancient Tapestry: Early Iranian Symbolism The concept of a national emblem in Iran stretches back into the mists of antiquity, long before what we might recognize as a modern national flag. Unlike many nations where a singular, definitive moment marks the creation of their first flag, the story of Iran's earliest banners is one of gradual evolution and diverse regional and dynastic symbols. The first flag design in Iran was indeed diverse, featuring distinct emblems for different dynasties and regions, reflecting the vast and varied landscape of the Persian Empire over centuries. These early symbols were not uniform but rather a mosaic of representations that connected various communities and rulers to their heritage and power. ### Derafsh Kaviani: A Legendary Beginning When considering the earliest possible contender for the title of "first flag of Iran" that can be considered national to some extent, the Sasanian one, known as the Derafsh Kaviani, stands out. This legendary banner is steeped in the epic narratives of Persian mythology, particularly the Shahnameh (Book of Kings) by Ferdowsi. The story recounts how a blacksmith named Kaveh led a rebellion against the tyrannical King Zahak. Kaveh, in an act of defiance and inspiration, used his leather apron as a banner, rallying the people to his cause. This makeshift flag was later taken by Fereydun, a mythical hero and prince, who got inspired by the flag and decorated it with a golden star with four rays, ribbons of red, yellow, and purple colors, and precious stones. He called the flag “Derafsh Kavian” (the flag of Kave). The rebels, the blacksmith, and Fereydun ultimately overthrew Zahak and reclaimed the throne. This triangular-shaped flag, a symbol of freedom and resistance, became the royal standard of the Sasanian Empire (224-651 CE), one of the most powerful and influential empires of ancient Iran. However, after the Tazian (Arab) invasion nearly a millennium later, this iconic banner was lost and finally put to oblivion, marking the end of an era and the beginning of new symbolic representations for the land of Iran. ## The Enduring Lion and Sun: A Millennia-Old Emblem Perhaps the most enduring and recognizable symbol associated with Iran, predating many of its formal flags, is the Lion and Sun motif. The roots of the Iranian flag, specifically this powerful emblem, can be traced back to the twelfth century, where the lion and sun motif first made its appearance. Contrary to a common misconception, this symbol is not exclusive to any particular dynasty but is an ancient, national emblem that has transcended various ruling houses and political systems. Its longevity speaks volumes about its deep cultural and historical resonance within Iranian identity. The lion typically represents power, royalty, and the sun, while the sun itself often symbolizes the divine glory and the ancient Persian concept of kingship. Over centuries, this emblem has been depicted in various forms, sometimes with a sword, sometimes without, adapting to the prevailing artistic and political currents. It embodies a rich tapestry of meanings, from astrological significance to royal authority and national pride. ### Evolution of the Lion and Sun on Flags The Lion and Sun emblem’s journey to being displayed on a flag can be traced as early as the 15th century, appearing on various banners and standards used by different dynasties. It wasn't until the late 19th century that its appearance on a national flag began to take a more defined form. At this point, the colors green and red were added as a border to a white flag bearing those symbols, signaling a move towards a more standardized national ensign. This addition of colors was a significant step, as it laid the groundwork for the tricolour design that would become characteristic of Iran's later flags. The white central band with the Lion and Sun, flanked by green and red, started to emerge as a coherent visual identity, representing a nation that was slowly but surely consolidating its symbols. ## The Dawn of a National Identity: The 1906 Constitution A truly pivotal moment in the history of the first flag of Iran, particularly in the context of a modern national emblem, arrived with the granting of the Constitution of 1906. This constitutional revolution marked a significant shift in Iranian governance and identity, moving towards a more structured and representative state. It was at this juncture that a tricolour, typical of the national flags of many other countries, was officially recognized for Iran. Thus, the first flag of the Iranian people, in a modern constitutional sense, was created. This flag featured horizontal bands of green, white, and red, with the Lion and Sun emblem placed prominently in the center of the white band. The green typically symbolized growth, happiness, and Islam; white represented peace; and red stood for martyrdom, bravery, and sacrifice. This design not only aligned Iran with the emerging global trend of tricolour national flags but also firmly established a unified visual identity for the burgeoning constitutional monarchy. It was a powerful statement of national sovereignty and a symbol of the people's newfound rights and aspirations. This flag, born out of a constitutional mandate, represented a significant departure from purely dynastic or legendary banners, marking a crucial step towards a truly national symbol. ## The Pahlavi Era: Imperial Banners and National Evolution The 20th century brought further transformations to Iran's national symbols, particularly under the Pahlavi dynasty. The Imperial State of Iran, officially known as the Imperial State of Persia until 1935 and commonly referred to as Pahlavi Iran, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Pahlavi dynasty. This dynasty was created in 1925 and lasted until 1979 when it was ousted as part of the Iranian Revolution, which fundamentally altered the course of Iranian history and its national symbols. During the Pahlavi era, while the core elements of the tricolour and the Lion and Sun remained, there were subtle modifications and emphasis placed on different aspects of the flag. The Lion and Sun emblem, in particular, became more stylized and often depicted with a crown, emphasizing the imperial nature of the state. This period saw the flag become a potent symbol of modernization and national pride under the Pahlavi shahs, who sought to connect modern Iran with its glorious pre-Islamic past while simultaneously pushing for rapid development. ### The Imperial State of Iran and its Symbols Under the Pahlavi dynasty, the flag continued to be a charged horizontal tricolour of green, white, and red. The Lion and Sun emblem, while ancient, was adopted and refined to represent the imperial authority. The symbol was often rendered with a Pahlavi crown above the lion, reinforcing the monarchical system. This flag flew over Iran for over five decades, witnessing significant social, economic, and political changes. It was the flag that represented Iran on the international stage, symbolizing its aspirations for modernity and its rich historical legacy. The consistent use of the tricolour with the central emblem demonstrated a continuity of national identity, even as the political landscape evolved. This flag, while rooted in earlier designs, became synonymous with the Pahlavi era, representing its ambitions and its eventual downfall. ## The 1979 Revolution and the Modern Iranian Flag The Iranian Revolution of 1979 marked a profound turning point in Iran's history, leading to the overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, finalized on February 11 (22 Bahman 1357) in the Persian calendar. This revolution ushered in the Islamic Republic of Iran and, with it, a new national flag that fundamentally redefined Iran's symbolic representation. The adoption of the current flag design occurred in 1980, making it the first use of this particular configuration. The last change to the current Iranian flag design was also in 1980, cementing its place as the enduring symbol of the Islamic Republic. The flag of Iran is now known as the “three coloured flag” consisting of green, red, and white horizontal bands, but with Iran’s national emblem centrally placed on the white band. The used colors in the flag are red, white, green, maintaining the historical tricolour. The proportion of the Iranian flag is 4:7, a specific ratio that contributes to its distinct appearance. This flag is a direct reminder of the Iranian Revolution and its principles, reflecting the new ideological foundations of the state. ### Symbolism of the Current Design The current Iranian national flag is a powerful emblem, laden with specific meanings. The green stripe at the top symbolizes growth, unity, nature, and the Islamic faith. The white stripe in the middle represents peace, honesty, and purity. The red stripe at the bottom stands for bravery, martyrdom, and the sacrifices made during the revolution. The central emblem, designed by Hamid Nadimi, is a stylized combination of four crescents and a sword, forming the word "Allah" (God) in a symmetrical form. It also represents the phrase "La ilaha illallah" (There is no god but Allah), the first part of the Shahada. The sword symbolizes strength and sacrifice, while the four crescents represent the growth of Islam. Surrounding the emblem, along the borders of the green and red stripes where they meet the white, are repetitions of the phrase "Allahu Akbar" (God is the Greatest) written in Kufic script. There are 11 repetitions on the green stripe and 11 on the red stripe, totaling 22, symbolizing the 22nd day of Bahman (February 11), the date of the revolution's victory. According to the constitution of Iran, the flag of Iran must have Takbir, and according to Bamdad newspaper, Takbir was added in the middle of the former IRI emblem on the flag. This intricate design makes the current flag a profound statement of religious and revolutionary identity. It is also notable that the hoist of the Iranian flag should be at the viewer's right, as is the case for Saudi Arabia and Iraq, two other flags featuring writing which reads from right to left. ## Beyond the Fabric: The Flag as a Unifying Symbol While the "first flag of Iran" in a modern, constitutional sense emerged in 1906, and its current iteration in 1980, the essence of a national flag for Iran transcends mere fabric and design. It is a symbol representing unity, not just within Iran but also, in a broader sense, among nations with shared cultural or historical ties. The Iranian national flag is a symbol representing unity among Iraq, Bahrain, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, and Egypt, along with the fact that it is the Iranian Revolution's reminder towards the people of Iran. This statement highlights a perspective that sees the flag as a beacon of shared identity and revolutionary spirit across a wider regional context, even if the primary focus remains on its internal significance. Throughout its long history, the many flags of Iran have served as powerful visual narratives, connecting Iranians to their ancestry, their struggles, and their triumphs. They are not just pieces of cloth but living embodiments of a civilization's journey, reflecting shifts in power, ideology, and national aspirations. Each iteration, from the mythical Derafsh Kaviani to the constitutional tricolour and the post-revolutionary emblem, tells a part of Iran's enduring story, fostering a sense of collective identity and belonging. ## The Kerman Metal Flag: An Ancient Enigma In the quest to understand the "first flag of Iran," it's worth noting an extraordinary archaeological discovery that predates any fabric flag. Discovered in the Kerman province, one of the most ancient provinces in Iran, is what is considered one of the oldest known flags, and remarkably, it is also the oldest known metal flag in human history. This unique artifact consists of a single square metal piece, measuring 23.4 inches by 23.4 inches, mounted on a 128cm metal axle around which the flag can turn. This ancient metal flag, dating back thousands of years, offers a glimpse into the very early concepts of symbolic representation and standards in ancient Persia. While not a "national flag" in the modern sense, it represents a foundational step in the evolution of banners and emblems. Its existence underscores the deep-rooted tradition of using visual symbols to represent groups, leaders, or territories in Iran, long before the advent of woven flags. It serves as a testament to Iran's pioneering role in human civilization and its enduring legacy of rich symbolism. ## Conclusion The journey to define the "first flag of Iran" is a complex and captivating exploration through millennia of history, myth, and political evolution. It's clear that there isn't a single, definitive "first" flag in the way many modern nations define theirs. Instead, the concept has evolved, from the legendary Derafsh Kaviani of ancient lore, symbolizing resistance and royal legitimacy, to the enduring Lion and Sun motif that graced banners for centuries, and finally to the constitutionally recognized tricolour of 1906, which truly marked the birth of a modern national flag for the Iranian people. The current flag, adopted in 1980, stands as a powerful symbol of the Islamic Revolution and the nation's contemporary identity, while ancient discoveries like the Kerman metal flag remind us of Iran's deep historical connection to symbolic standards. Ultimately, the many flags of Iran, though often points of contention, serve as vital threads connecting Iranians to their rich ancestry and complex story. They are more than just pieces of cloth; they are dynamic canvases reflecting the soul of a nation, its struggles, triumphs, and unwavering spirit. We encourage you to delve deeper into the fascinating history of Iran and its symbols. What aspects of Iran's flags resonate most with you? Share your thoughts in the comments below, and explore other articles on our site to continue your journey through the captivating narratives of world history.
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